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Plant and Cell Physiology, 1986, Vol. 27, No. 7 1297-1307
© 1986

Article

Flowering and Endogenous Levels of Plant Hormones in Lemna Species

Shozo Fujioka1, Akira Sakurai1, Isomaro Yamaguchi2, Noboru Murofushi2, Nobutaka Takahashi1,2, Sumiko Kaihara3, Atsushi Takimoto3 and Charles F. Cleland4

1The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan
2Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
3Laboratory of Applied Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606, Japan
4Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1773, U.S.A.

The occurrence and endogenous level of various plant hormones were measured for the short-day plants Lemna paucicostata 151 and 381 and the long-day plant Lemna gibba G3 to determine whether any of them are involved in the photoperiodic control of flowering. ABA, IAA, GA1, GA29, GA34, GA53, trans- and cis-zeatin, trans- and cis-ribosyl zeatin, N6-({Delta}2-isopentenyl) adenine and N6-({Delta}2-isopentenyl) adenosine were definitely detected in each species, while GA4 was only detected in L. gibba G3 and GA20 was only detected in L. paucicostata 151. The endogenous levels of ABA and IAA were in the range of 1–7 ng/g fr wt and were not significantly different in vegetative and flowering plants. The endogenous gibberellin levels were generally higher in Lemna grown under long-day rather than short-day conditions. The endogenous cytokinin levels were almost the same in both flowering and vegetative plants of L. paucicostata 151 and 381. In L. gibba G3, however, the level of cis-ribosyl zeatin, N6-({Delta}2-isopentenyl) adenine and N6-({Delta}2-sopentenyl) adenosine were higher in vegetative than in flowering plants.

These results indicate that there is not necessarily a direct relation between endogenous plant hormone levels and flowering, and that the chemical basis for the photoperiodic control of flowering cannot be explained solely by changes in hormone levels. The possibility remains, however, that one or more of the plant hormones has some influence of secondary importance on the flowering process in Lemna.

(Received January 29, 1986; Accepted July 12, 1986)
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