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Plant and Cell Physiology, 1986, Vol. 27, No. 1 109-116
© 1986

Article

The Influence of Nicotinic Acid and Plant Hormones on Flowering in Lemna

Shozo Fujioka1, Isomaro Yamaguchi2, Noboru Murofushi2, Nobutaka Takahashi1,2, Sumiko Kaihara3, Atsushi Takimoto3 and Charles F. Cleland4

1The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan
2Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
3Laboratory of Applied Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kyoto 606, Japan
4Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1773, U.S.A.

Nicotinic acid induces flowering in Lemna paucicostata 151 and 381 and Lemna gibba G3 when they are grown in one tenth-strength M medium under continuous light. For L. paucicostata 151 and 381, the simultaneous addition of IAA, GA3 or ABA to the medium leads to an inhibition of the flower-inducing effect of nicotinic acid, while zeatin leads to a further stimulation of flowering above that obtained by nicotinic acid alone. By contrast, in L. gibba G3 all four plant hormones inhibit the nicotinic acid-induced stimulation of flowering.

The effect of nicotinic acid on flowering in all three plants is strongly daylength dependent when the plants are grown in half-strength Hutner's medium. Thus, nicotinic acid causes flowering in L. gibba G3 on continuous light but not on 9L:15D or 10L:14D regimes. In L. paucicostata 381 nicotinic acid has a small effect on 12L:12D regime, a large effect on a 13L:11D regime and no effect with daylengths longer than 14 hours, and in L. paucicostata 151 nicotinic acid is only effective on daylengths shorter than about 11 hours. However, in L. paucicostata 151 and 381 treatment with both nicotinic acid and zeatin results in flowering under continuous light on half-strength Hutner's medium.

Nicotinic acid is present in different Lemna but its concentration does not appear to be influenced by changes in daylength. Thus, flowering clearly cannot be controlled by nicotinic acid acting alone, but the results of this study indicate that nicotinic acid could interact with other factors, possibly including one or more of the known plant hormones, to influence the flowering process in Lemna.

(Received August 28, 1985; Accepted October 29, 1985)
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