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Plant and Cell Physiology, 1985, Vol. 26, No. 2 361-370
© 1985

Article

Light Actions in the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds II. Possible Origin of the Diversity of Light Responses in Seed Germination

Esashi Esashi, Hisato Saitoh, Yukio Saijoh, Satoko Ishida and Hiroaki Kodama

Department of Biological Science, Tohoku University Kawauchi, Sendai 980, Japan

In negatively photoblastic, lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.), the respective germination-inhibiting effects of red (R) and far-red (FR) lights were found in the proximal and near-tip zones of the axial tissues. In contrast, the germination-stimulating effect of R in positively photoblastic, upper cocklebur seeds was manifested in the near-tip zone of the axes, the R effect being reversed when FR was given to the zone. The R-sensitive zone in the upper seeds, however, shifted towards the more proximal zone as the period of pre-soaking at low temperatures increased. This shift was accompanied by the ability to germinate in the dark in the upper seeds.

In the lower seeds, R inhibited axial growth in the near-tip zone, whereas FR inhibited it in the proximal zone. In contrast, axial growth in the near-tip zone of the upper seeds was promoted by R. In both seeds, light had little effect on the growth of the radicle tip. Pre-soaking at low temperatures induced dark-germination by hastening the axial growth of the upper seeds, thus allowing the upper seed to resemble the lower one. We therefore propose a hypothesis that explains the diversification of photoresponses in seed germination.

(Received August 7, 1984; Accepted December 24, 1984)
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